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The force of gravity exists between any two bodies and may be mathematically approximated for spacecraft design simulations.


Gravity

This is a common mathematical model used in the preliminary design phase.

Newtonian gravitational force is estimated with the inverse square law, where the magnitude of the force decreases as the inverse square of the distance between the two bodies.

A Legendre polynomial expansion can further estimate mass distribution about the equatorial plane and the spin axis to account for a planet's oblate shape.

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